Heraldry
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Updated: 02/10/2010 |
Heraldry or coat of arms
science is the lesson of the rules of coat of arms guided tour
and representation (systematical coat of arms science) and the
history of coat of arms nature (historical coat of arms science).
They are today an historical subsidiary science [2]. |
This page:
- Etymological Origin
- Historical origin
- Scientific Heraldry
- Sources
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Etymological Origin
Already with Tacitus (roman historiographer 55 - 115 p. Chr.)
appears a Bataver (German tribe that settled in the delta field
of the Rhine and rose in the 4th century in Franconians [2])
as "chariovalda" (to army and administrations). From
this "hariwald" (army official) is originated and from
the end of the 12th century appears in old French "hiraut".
In the 14th century develops from it in late Middle High German
"herolt"[1].
The term "heraldry" itself comes from French "science
héraldique" (coat of arms art). The "ars heraldica"
(heraldic art) appears in Germany in the 17th century and there
has been the term "heraldry" since 1727 [1].
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Historical origin
The task of the heralds consisted in to identify and test the
coats of arms. Heralds were army managers called by princes and
institutions, who were responsible for war and especially for
tournament being and too were inserted as transmission messengers
and agents [2].
The heralds developed the heraldic terminology (coat of arms
science), listed the coats of arms and checked ones also general
in domination task coats of arms and titles, of what itself later
the herald offices diverted [2].
Since the 13th century, the heralds and offices constructed coat
of arms lists (coat of arms roles, coat of arms books) as aids
for identification of the coats of arms, developed coat of arms
right and the heraldic rules [2].
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Scientific Heraldry
In the 2nd half of the 17th century the scientific heraldry was
developed by the works of the French Jesuit C.F. Menestrier (died
1659) and the German theologian Spener [2].
Johann Siebmacher, died 23.03.1611 in Nuremberg, German painter
and copperplate engraver (sign art in copperplates, suitable
for printing) established the biggest German-speaking coat of
arms book designated after him, in which until 1806 in different
costs 19 000 coats of arms were published. Disposed as reprint
in Neustadt in 35 volumes again in 1970-90 [2].
For further information about heraldry and knighthood I can recommend
François
Velde .
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Sources
[1] |
Kluge, Friedrich: Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschenSprache,21.
Auflage, Walter de Gruyther, Berlin, New York (1975) |
[2] |
Meyers Großes Taschenlexikon: B.I. Taschenbuchverlag, Mannheim,Leipzig,Wien, Zürich
(1992) |
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